Efavirenz
Uses of Efavirenz
Efavirenz is commonly used to treat HIV Infection
How Efavirenz Works
Efavirenz is an antiretroviral medication of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor class. It blocks the HIV-1 replication through RNA- and DNA-dependent polymerase activities.
Side Effects of Efavirenz
Rash, Dizziness, Nausea, Headache, Insomnia, Depression, Anxiety, Fatigue, Disturbance in attention, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Abdominal pain
Warnings
Kidney Use With Care
Efavirenz excretion through the renal system is not significant. However there are limited studies of its usage on patients with kidney disease. Dose adjustment of Efavirenz may be needed. Please consult your doctor before using it.
Alcohol Not Advisable
Rare cases of Osteonecrosis have been reported in patients with advanced HIV disease and long- term antiretroviral therapy. However, it is due to several factors including chronic alcohol consumption. The drug interactions is still inconclusive. Please consult your doctor before using it.
Pregnancy Not Safe
Efavirenz may be unsafe to use during pregnancy. Animal studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus, however, there are limited human studies. If a woman takes Efavirenz during the first trimester of pregnancy, the patient should be informed of the risk to the foetus. The benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk. Women of childbearing potential should undergo pregnancy testing before initiation of Efavirenz. Please consult your doctor before using it.
Driving Not advisable
Efavirenz may cause side effects of dizziness, headaches, nausea or tiredness, all of which could affect your ability to concentrate and drive. Do not drive unless you are feeling well.
Liver Use With Care
Efavirenz should be used with caution in patients with mild liver disease. Dose adjustment of Efavirenz and close monitoring may be needed. It is not recommended in moderate to severe liver disease as there is inadequate data on usage of Efavirenz on these patients. Please consult your doctor before using it.
Lactation Not Advisable
In animal studies, Efavirenz is excreted in breast milk but there are limited human studies. It is also recommended that HIV- positive mothers do not breastfeed their children regardless of circumstances to avoid transmission of HIV.
Frequently Asked Questions
Written by Dr Sri Viknarajan, MD (Universiti Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Reviewed by Dr Nur Syuhada binti Zulkifli, MD, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM).
