Clomifene
Uses of Clomifene
Clomiphene/Clomifene is commonly used to treat female infertility caused by anovulation (ovaries cannot release an egg during menstruation).
How Clomifene Works
Clomiphene/Clomifene is an oestrogen analogue. It will inhibit the effect of negative feedback receptors located on a higher level and caused the secretion of hypothalamic GnRH hormone increases, therefore, increases the pituitary FSH and LH release.
Side Effects of Clomifene
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS), Visual disturbances, Endometriosis, Enlargement of ovary/ ovarian cyst formation, Nausea, Dizziness, Increase appetite, Weight gain, Fatigue, Vaginal dryness
Warnings
Kidney Safe If Prescribed
Clomifene is excreted mainly through faeces and it is probably safe in patients with kidney disease.
Alcohol Not Advisable
Taking Clomifene with alcohol may have additive effects in causing dizziness, nausea and vomiting.
Pregnancy Not Safe - High Risk
Clomifene is unsafe to use during pregnancy. Both animal and human studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus. This medicine is strictly prohibited in pregnancy. Use of Clomifene should be started only after pregnancy has been excluded.
Driving Not advisable
Do not drive unless you are feeling well. Clomifene may cause side effects such as visual disturbances, dizziness, or lightheadedness, all of which could affect your ability to concentrate and drive.
Liver Limited Data
Clomifene is contraindicated in patients with liver disease because it metabolised in the liver; undergoes enterohepatic recirculation. Please consult your doctor.
Lactation Limited Data
Clomifene has potential toxicity and not safe to use during lactation. No human data suggests that Clomifene does not represent a significant risk to the baby. Clomifene may reduce lactation in some patients.
Written by Dr Sri Viknarajan, MD (Universiti Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Reviewed by Dr Nur Syuhada binti Zulkifli, MD, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM).
