Clomiphene

Uses of Clomiphene

Clomiphene/Clomifene is commonly used to treat female infertility caused by anovulation (ovaries cannot release an egg during menstruation).

How Clomiphene Works

Clomiphene/Clomifene is an oestrogen analogue. It will inhibit the effect of negative feedback receptors located on a higher level and caused the secretion of hypothalamic GnRH hormone increases, therefore, increases the pituitary FSH and LH release.

Side Effects of Clomiphene

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS), Visual disturbances, Endometriosis, Enlargement of ovary/ ovarian cyst formation, Nausea, Dizziness, Increase appetite, Weight gain, Fatigue, Vaginal dryness

Warnings

Kidney Safe If Prescribed

Clomiphene is excreted mainly through faeces and it is probably safe in patients with kidney disease.

Alcohol Not Advisable

Taking Clomiphene with alcohol may have additive effects in causing dizziness, nausea and vomiting.

Pregnancy Not Safe - High Risk

Clomiphene is unsafe to use during pregnancy. Both animal and human studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus. This medicine is strictly prohibited in pregnancy. Use of Clomiphene should be started only after pregnancy has been excluded.

Driving Not advisable

Do not drive unless you are feeling well. Clomiphene may cause side effects such as visual disturbances, dizziness, or lightheadedness, all of which could affect your ability to concentrate and drive.

Liver Limited Data

Clomiphene is contraindicated in patients with liver disease because it metabolised in the liver; undergoes enterohepatic recirculation. Please consult your doctor.

Lactation Limited Data

Clomiphene has potential toxicity and not safe to use during lactation. No human data suggests that Clomiphene does not represent a significant risk to the baby. Clomiphene may reduce lactation in some patients.

Written by , MD (Universiti Hasanuddin, Indonesia)

Reviewed by Dr Nur Syuhada binti Zulkifli, MD, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM).