Dexamethasone
Uses of Dexamethasone
Topical Dexamethasone used to treat inflamed mouth and throat due to erosion or ulceration.
How Dexamethasone Works
Dexamethasone is a long-acting synthetic corticosteroid that works by reducing inflammation through inhibition of the migration of leukocytes and reversal of the increased capillary permeability, thus suppressing the normal immune response.
Side Effects of Dexamethasone
Glaucoma, Cataract, Osteoporosis, Growth retardation, Peptic ulcer, Cushingoid features, Gastrointestinal upset, Pancreatitis, Increased susceptibility to infection, Vertebral compression fractures
Warnings
Kidney Use With Care
Cautious use of Dexamethasone is needed in patients with renal impairment as it may cause minimal fluid retention effect.
Alcohol Not Advisable
It is recommended to limit alcohol intake while on Dexamethasone because a high dose of Dexamethasone or prolonged usage increases the risk of having peptic ulcer.
Pregnancy Not Safe
Dexamethasone is able to cross the placenta as it can cause fetal abnormalities such as cleft palate and intra-uterine growth retardation as well as interfere with brain growth and development. It is prescribed to pregnant mother only if essential.
Driving Generally Safe
Dexamethasone usually does not affect the ability to drive. Do not drive unless you are feeling well.
Liver Use With Care
Cautious use of Dexamethasone is needed in patients with hepatic impairment as it may cause minimal fluid retention effect.
Lactation Use With Care
Even though Dexamethasone is excreted in breast milk but there is no known effect on the baby. The decision whether to discontinue therapy or not during breastfeeding needs to be discussed with the doctor.
Frequently Asked Questions
Written by Dr Sri Viknarajan, MD (Universiti Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Reviewed by Dr Nur Syuhada binti Zulkifli, MD, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM).
