Nitrofurantoin
Uses of Nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin is commonly used to treat Urinary Tract Infections Utis
How Nitrofurantoin Works
Nitrofurantoin works by inhibiting bacterial acetyl co-enzyme A, thus interfering with the bacterial carbohydrate metabolism. It also inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, aerobic energy metabolism, DNA, RNA, and bacterial cell wall synthesis.
Side Effects of Nitrofurantoin
Dizziness, Drowsiness, Pruritus, Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, Dyspepsia, Arthralgia
Warnings
Kidney High Risk
Nitrofurantoin is contraindicated in patients with renal impairment
Alcohol Safe
There is no contraindication in taking alcohol with Nitrofurantoin. However, it is not advisable to consume alcohol while having UTI.
Pregnancy Maybe Safe
Nitrofurantoin has not shown any teratogenic effect in animal studies and has been extensively used in the treatment of UTI in pregnancy. However, this medication is contraindicated to be used at term gestation which is 38-42 weeks due to the risk of hemolysis of infant's immature red cells.
Driving Not advisable
Nitrofurantoin can cause impairment in the ability to drive and operating machines as it may cause side effects such as drowsiness and dizziness. Only drive if you are feeling well.
Liver Safe If Prescribed
Nitrofurantoin should be used with caution in patients with liver impairment
Lactation Safe If Prescribed
Nitrofurantoin is safe to be used during breastfeeding, however, it must be avoided if the breastfeeding infant having erythrocyte enzyme deficiency and GPD deficiency.
Frequently Asked Questions
Written by Dr Sri Viknarajan, MD (Universiti Hasanuddin, Indonesia)
Reviewed by Dr Nur Syuhada binti Zulkifli, MD, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM).
